in the present study, the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of normal saline (control), histamine, mepyramine (a histamine h1-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine (a histamine h2-receptor antagonist) were investigated on the formalin-induced pain in rabbits. subcutaneous (sc) injection of a formalin (100 μl, 5%) solution into the ventral surface of the right hind paw was pe...

the present study investigated the effects of intra-dentate gyrus microinjection of naloxone (an opioid antagonist) and thioperamide (an antagonist of histamine h3 receptors) in the formalin test in rats. subcutaneous injection of formalin (50 μl, 2.5 %) in the ventral surface of right hind paw produced a biphasic pattern (first phase: 0-5 min and second phase: 15 - 60 min) of licking/biting an...

introduction: previously, we demonstrated that i.p. injection of aqueous extract prepared from aerial parts of drosera spatulata (droseraceae) can induced remarkable analgesia in both phases of formalin test in rats. because, analgesia induced in acute phase of formalin test mainly mediated by activation of central analgesic mechanisms and also paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus is part of bra...

background cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic drug used extensively in the treatment of malignancies. it induces painful peripheral neuropathy at high doses. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carbamazepine (cbz) on cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathic pain by using the tail-flick test. materials and methods the study was performed using male wistar rats...

objective(s): the present study investigated the effects of microinjection of histamine and histamine h1, h2, and h3 receptor antagonists, chlorpheniramine, ranitidine and thioperamide, respectively into the primary somatosensory cortex (psc) on inflammatory pain.   material and methods: two stainless steel guide canulas were bilaterally implanted into the psc of anaesthetized rats. inflammator...

in the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. formalin induc...

calcium, through its various channels involves in local, spinal and supra-spinal transmission of pain. in the present study, we investigated the separate and combined treatment effects of verapamil (a calcium channel blocker), morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) on pain in the orofacial region of rats. orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous (sc) injection of for...

objectives: the study was carried out to assess the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and cns depressant activity of the methanolic extract of  the lawsonia inermis barks(melib). materials and methods: anti-inflammatory effects of mebli were studied using carrageenan-induced inflammatory method at the dose of 300 and 500 mg/kg b.wt., p.o. analgesic activity was measured using acetic acid-induced wr...

in this study, the effects of subcutaneous (sc) injection of pilocarpine (a cholinomimetic agent) and atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) were investigated on a tonic model of orofacial pain in rats. the contribution of the endogenous analgesic opioid system was assessed using naloxone (an opioid receptors antagonist). tonic orofacial pain was induced by sc injection of a diluted forma...